Core Python

 Setting up and running Python

• Distributions – python.org, anaconda python
• Shells – python, Jupyter,
• IDES – Pycharm, spyder, eclipse
• Editors - Visual Studio Code, Atom
• Python 2 vs 3
• First program - ‘Hello World!’
• Interpretation and .pyc, .pyo files
• Python Implementations – CPython, Ironpython, Jython, pypy

Introduction

• Values and variables
• Python data types
• type(), id(), getsizeof()
• Python labeling system
• Object pooling
• Conversion functions
• The language which knew infinity
• Console input, output
• Operators in python
  • Arithmetic operators
  • Relational operators
  • Logical operators
  • Assignment operators
  • Bitwise operators
  • Membership operators
  • Identity operators
  • Ternary Operator
• Strings
  • Define a string - Multiple quotes and Multiple lines
  • String functions
  • String slicing - start, end & step
  • Negative indexing
• Built-in functions
• Type conversions
  • int()
  • float()
  • bool()
  • str()

• complex()
• Interview questions
• Exercise Programs
• Summary

Control structures:

• if statement
• if - else statement
• if - elif statement
• Nest if-else
• Multiple if
• Which control structure to choose?
• Looping statements
  • while loop
  • for loop
    • range()
    • xrange()
    • Iterator and generator Introduction
  • for - else
  • When to use for-else ? Interview Questions
• Exercise Programs
• Summary

Data structures

• List
  • Introduction to List
  • Purpose of a List
  • Iterating through a List
  • List slicing, -ve indexing
  • Internals of list
  • List Operations
  • Searching for an element
    • In and count()
  • Adding an element
    • append()
    • insert()
  • Removing an element
    • remove()
    • pop()
  • Merging two lists

■    + operator

• extend()
• Ordering a list
  • sort()
  • reverse()
• Finding index of an element - index()
• List of lists
• Comparing lists
• Homogeneous data
  • Built-in array()
  • array()
• Tuple
  • Introduction of Tuple
  • Tuple Slicing
  • -ve indexing
  • Iterating through a Tuple
  • List of tuples Vs Tuple of Lists
  • Purpose of a tuple
• List Vs Tuple - An interviewer’s question
• Set
  • Introduction of set
  • How to remove duplicates in list?
  • How set removes duplicates?
  • Set functions
    • Searching for an element
      • In - The fastest
    • Adding an element
      • add()
    • Removing an element
      • remove()
      • discard()
      • pop()
    • Relation between two sets
      • intersection()
      • union()
      • difference()
      • isdisjoint()
      • issubset()
      • issuperset()
    • Merging two sets
      • update()
• Sets are hashable but Lists or unhashable
• Set Use-Cases
• Dictionary
  • Introduction of Dictionary - Associative data structure
  • Creating a Dictionary
  • Adding elements to Dictionary
  • Deleting key value pair
  • Updating / extending a Dictionary
  • Iterating through a Dictionary
  • Tuple unpacking method
  • Converting list/tuples of tuples/lists into Dictionary
  • Converting Dictionary to List of tuples
  • Lambda introduction
  • Sorting List of tuples and dictionaries
  • Finding max(), min() in a dict
  • Wherever you go, dictionary follows you!
• Counter() - simplest counting algorithm
• DefaultDict - Always has a value
• OrderedDict - Maintains order
• Dequeue - Short time memory loss
• Forzenset() – hashable set
• namedtuple() – hashable dict
• Heapq - efficient in-memory min-heap()
  • heapify()
  • nlargest()
  • nsmallest()
  • heappush()
  • heappop()
• Importance of Hashability
• Packing and Unpacking
  • Swapping two values
  • List packing and Unpacking
  • Tuple packing and Unpacking
  • String packing and Unpacking
  • Set packing and Unpacking
  • Iterator using iter() and next()

Functions

• Purpose of a function
• Defining a function
• Calling a function
• Function parameter passing
  • Formal arguments
  • Actual arguments
  • Positional arguments
  • Keyword arguments
  • Variable arguments
  • Variable keyword arguments
  • Use-Case *args, **kwargs
• Function call stack
  • locals()
  • globals()
  • Stackframe

• Call-by-object-reference
  • Shallow copy - copy()
  • Deep copy - deepcopy()

Decorators and Generators

• Passing one function to another function
• Defining one function within another function
• Returning a function from another function
• Passing a function to another function along with its arguments
• Call-back functions and delegation
• Decorators
  • Creating decorators
  • Multiple decorators
  • Use case - TimeIt
• Generator
  • Creating custom generators
  • Use Case - lazy evaluation

Modules

• Python Code Files
• Importing functions from another file
•  name : Preventing unwanted code execution
• Importing from a folder

• Folders Vs Packages
•  init .py
• Namespace
•  all  
• Import *
• Private global variables and functions
•  butiltins  
• Recursive imports
• Use Case: Project Structure

Comprehensions

• List comprehension
• Tuple comprehension
• Set comprehension
• Dictionary comprehension
• enumerate
• Zip and unzip

Functional programming

• Procedural vs Functional
• Pure functions
• Map()
• Reduce()
• Filter()
• Lambdas
• Loop vs Comprehension vs Map

File - IO

• Creating file
• File reading
• File writing
• File modes
• Line by line file reading
• Writing multiple lines
• seek()
• tell()
• Binary files
  • Pickling
• Use Case - Cleaning text

Pet Project – Students and Faculties

Advanced Python

Object Orientation

• Purpose of Object Orientation
• Design starts with Data Binding
• Abstraction - What the world sees
• Data hiding - What is hidden
• Encapsulation - Boundary between Abstraction and Data hiding
• Class - Classification of type
• Creating a class type
• Creating multiple instances of a functionality
• Object - The physical existence of a class
•  init () - the initializer
• Data members
• Member functions(methods)
• Method invocation
• Printing objects
•  str ()
•  repr ()
• Inheritance
  • Use Case - 4 wheeler
  • Types of inheritance
  • Diamond problem
  • MRO
• Private members
• Creating inline objects, classes, types
• Class method
• Static method and static variables
• Function Objects(Functor) - Callable Objects
• Class as decorator and Context manager
• Polymorphism - Incorporating changes
• Operator Overloading
  •  lt ()
  •  add ()
  •  hash ()
  •  eq ()

• Function Overloading in python
• Sorting objects
• Hashing objects